Shampoo composition

ABSTRACT

A stable mild shampoo composition delivering consumer desired wet conditioning, moisture feel and viscosity. The shampoo may contain 5 wt % to 35 wt % of alkyl polyglucoside; 0.15 wt % to 1.05% sclerotium gum, and 0.15 wt % to 1.05% of a cationic polymer. The shampoo has a viscosity of 0.6 Pa-s to 20 Pa-s, which allows for ease of use by the consumer. It may be desirable for the shampoo to contain less than 1 wt % ionic surfactant.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to mild shampoo compositions comprisingalkyl polyglucoside, sclerotium gum, and a cationic polymer whichdeliver consumer desired wet conditioning and adequate viscosity forease of use.

BACKGROUND

Human hair becomes soiled due to contact with the surroundingenvironment and from sebum secreted by the scalp. Soiled hair has adirty feel and an unattractive appearance. Application and washing ofthe soiled hair with a shampoo composition can restore hair to a cleanand attractive appearance by removing oil and other soils from the hair.Known shampoo compositions typically remove oil and soil from hair withanionic surfactants. Shampoos including anionic surfactants, however,may result in a number of undesirable characteristics such as poorquality of hair feel. Cationic polymers are commonly used in anionicsurfactant cleansing compositions to provide moisturization and wetdetangle to hair. Non-ionic surfactants are known for mildness on skinbut are also known to be difficult to use in combination with chargedpolymers (cationic polymers) resulting in an unstable composition.Additionally, non-ionic surfactant systems are typically thin (lowviscosity) and may need a thickening polymer to increase viscosity toprevent solution dripping off consumers hands prior to application tohair. However, the combination of cationic polymer and a commonly usedthickener such as guar gum typically results in an unstable composition.Surprisingly it has been found that sclerotium gum with the uniquetriple helix structure is able to stabilize cationic polymer to achievea single-phase stable cleansing composition delivering a range ofdesired wet conditioning benefit and desired viscosity.

It is desirable to have a shampoo composition that cleans without theuse of anionic surfactants and also results in good in use physicalproperties, while also delivering the desired hair benefits.Surprisingly, it has been found that a shampoo composition comprising anonionic surfactant alkyl polyglucoside, sclerotium gum, and a cationicpolymer is phase stable and delivers consumer desired wet conditioningand adequate viscosity for ease of use.

SUMMARY

A shampoo composition comprising 5 wt % to 35 wt % of alkylpolyglucoside; 0.15 wt % to 1.05% sclerotium gum, and 0.15 wt % to 1.05%of a cationic polymer, wherein the shampoo composition has a viscosityof 0.6 Pa-s to 20 Pa-s, and wherein the shampoo composition comprisesless than 1 wt % ionic surfactant.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an examples of a typical sclerotium gum structure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a β-(1,3)-β(1,6) glucan structureexhibiting the (3:1) side branching ratio of scleroglucan.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a tridimensional conformation of ascleroglucan triplex.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

While the specification concludes with claims which particularly pointout and distinctly claim the invention, it is believed the presentdisclosure will be better understood from the following description.

Definitions

In all embodiments of the present disclosure, all percentages are byweight of the total composition, unless specifically stated otherwise.All ratios are weight ratios, unless specifically stated otherwise. Allranges are inclusive and combinable. The number of significant digitsconveys neither a limitation on the indicated amounts nor on theaccuracy of the measurements. All numerical amounts are understood to bemodified by the word “about” unless otherwise specifically indicated.Unless otherwise indicated, all measurements are understood to be madeat 25° C. and at ambient conditions, where “ambient conditions” meansconditions under one atmosphere of pressure and at 50% relativehumidity. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients arebased on the active level and do not include carriers or by-productsthat may be included in commercially available materials, unlessotherwise specified.

As used herein, “molecular weight” or “Molecular weight” refers to theweight average molecular weight unless otherwise stated. Molecularweight is measured using industry standard method, gel permeationchromatography (“GPC”).

The term “charge density,” as used herein, refers to the ratio of thenumber of positive charges on a polymer to the molecular weight of saidpolymer.

The term “comprising,” as used herein, means that other steps and otheringredients which do not affect the end result can be added. This termencompasses the terms “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of.”The compositions and methods/processes of the present disclosure cancomprise, consist of, and consist essentially of the elements andlimitations of the invention described herein, as well as any of theadditional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or limitationsdescribed herein.

The term “polymer,” as used herein, includes materials whether made bypolymerization of one type of monomer or made by two (i.e., copolymers)or more types of monomers.

The term “suitable for application to human hair,” as used herein, meansthat the personal care compositions or components thereof, areacceptable for use in contact with human hair and the scalp and skinwithout undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response,and the like.

The term “water soluble,” as used herein, means that the material issoluble in water. The material can be soluble at 25° C. at aconcentration of 0.1% by weight of the water solvent, at 1% by weight ofthe water solvent, at 5% by weight of the water solvent, and at 15% ormore by weight of the water solvent.

The terms “sulfate free” and “substantially free of sulfates” meansessentially free of sulfate-containing compounds except as otherwiseincidentally incorporated as minor components. The term “sulfatedsurfactants” means surfactants which contain a sulfate group. The term“substantially free of sulfated surfactants” means essentially free ofsurfactants containing a sulfate group except as otherwise incidentallyincorporated as minor components.

Shampoo Composition

The shampoo composition as described herein provides consumer desiredhair conditioning feel, and the shampoo composition is stable and has aviscosity which delivers a good in use experience. The shampoocomposition comprises a nonionic surfactant such as an alkylpolyglucoside. The shampoo composition further comprises sclerotium gum,and a cationic polymer. This composition remains phase stable and hasgood viscosity and continues to provide desired lather for cleaning,quick rinse and clean hair feel. Suitable viscosity of the shampoocomposition is 0.6 Pa-s to 20 Pa-S, 0.7 Pa-s to 18 Pa-s, 0.8 Pa-s to 18Pa-s, and 1.0 Pa-s to 16 Pa-s.

The shampoo composition is substantially free of ionic surfactant,including sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodiumlauroyl sarcosinate, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium lauroamphoacetate,cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, behenyltrimethylammonium chloride andmixtures thereof. As used herein, substantially free of ionic surfactantmeans comprises less than 1 wt %, 0 wt % to 1 wt %, 0 wt % to 0.5 wt %,0.1 wt % to 0.2 wt %, and alternatively 0 wt % to 0.3 wt % of ionicsurfactant.

Non-Ionic Surfactant

The shampoo composition comprises 5% to 35% of the non-ionic surfactantalkyl polyglucoside. The shampoo composition comprises 5 wt % to 35 wt %of alkyl polyglucoside, 5 wt % to 25 wt % of alkyl polyglucoside, 7 wt %to 20 wt % of alkyl polyglucoside, and any combination thereof. Thenon-ionic surfactant can be a polyglucoside selected from decylglucoside, caprylyl glucoside, caprylyl/capryl glucoside, undecylglucoside, octyl glucoside, and mixtures thereof.

The non-ionic surfactant can be an alkyl polyglucoside having thestructure:

where “R” is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 8 to 20 carbons, and “m”is degree of polymerization of from 1 to 5. Alternatively, the R is from8 to 16 carbons, and alternatively wherein the R is from 8 to 12carbons.

The non-ionic surfactant can be a decyl glucoside having the structure:

where R is a C10 alkyl or alkenyl group and the degree of polymerization(m) is 1.Sclerotium Gum

The shampoo composition comprises 0.15 wt % to 1.05 wt % sclerotium gum,0.15 wt % to 1.0 wt % sclerotium gum, 0.2 wt % to 0.8 wt % sclerotiumgum, 0.4 wt % to 0.8 wt % sclerotium gum, and/or 0.4 wt % to 0.6 wt %sclerotium gum, and any combination thereof. Sclerotium gum is alsocalled scleroglucan, and it is a branched polysaccharide. In someinstances, the primary structure of the scleroglucan consists of glucosemolecules linked by β-(1,3) linkage, and every third glucose molecule inthe primary structure contains an additional glucose molecule linked bya β-(1,6) linkage. In certain solutions, scleroglucan forms a triplehelix shape.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a typical sclerotium gum structure. FIG. 2shows an example of a β-(1,3)-β-(1,6) glucan structure exhibiting the(3:1) side branching ratio of scleroglucan (Martin et al., 2007). FIG. 3shows an example of a tridimensional conformation of a scleroglucantriplex (Crescenzi et al., 1988). Specific examples of sclerotium guminclude Amigum ER commercially available from Alban Muller and ActigumCS 11 QD commercially available from Cargill.

Cationic Polymer

A shampoo composition can include a cationic polymer for wetconditioning benefits. Suitable cationic polymers can include: (a) acationic guar polymer, (b) a cationic non-guar galactomannan polymer,(c) a cationic starch polymer, (d) a cationic copolymer of acrylamidemonomers and cationic monomers, (e) a synthetic, non-crosslinked,cationic polymer, which may or may not form lyotropic liquid crystalsupon combination with the detersive surfactant, and (f) a cationiccellulose polymer. In certain examples, more than one cationic polymercan be included.

A cationic polymer can be included by weight of the shampoo compositionat 0.05% to 3%, 0.075% to 2.0%, or at 0.1% to 1.0%. Cationic polymerscan have cationic charge densities of 0.9 meq/g or more, 1.2 meq/g ormore, and 1.5 meq/g or more. However, cationic charge density can alsobe 7 meq/g or less and alternatively 5 meq/g or less. The chargedensities can be measured at the pH of intended use of the shampoocomposition. (e.g., at pH 3 to pH 9; or pH 4 to pH 8). The averagemolecular weight of cationic polymers can generally be between 10,000and 10 million, between 50,000 and 5 million, and between 100,000 and 3million, and between 100,000 and 2.5 million. Low molecular weightcationic polymers can be used. Low molecular weight cationic polymerscan have greater translucency in the liquid carrier of a shampoocomposition. The cationic polymer can be a single type, such as thecationic guar polymer guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride having aweight average molecular weight of 2.5 million g/mol or less, and theshampoo composition can be substantially free of additional cationicpolymers. As used herein, substantially free of additional cationicpolymers means 0 to 0.05 of an additional cationic polymer.

Cationic Guar Polymer

The cationic polymer can be a cationic guar polymer, which is acationically substituted galactomannan (guar) gum derivative. Suitableguar gums for guar gum derivatives can be obtained as a naturallyoccurring material from the seeds of the guar plant. As can beappreciated, the guar molecule is a straight chain mannan which isbranched at regular intervals with single membered galactose units onalternative mannose units. The mannose units are linked to each other bymeans of β(1-4) glycosidic linkages. The galactose branching arises byway of an α(1-6) linkage. Cationic derivatives of the guar gums can beobtained through reactions between the hydroxyl groups of thepolygalactomannan and reactive quaternary ammonium compounds. The degreeof substitution of the cationic groups onto the guar structure can besufficient to provide the requisite cationic charge density describedabove.

A cationic guar polymer can have a weight average molecular weight(“M.Wt.”) of less than 2.5 million g/mol, and can have a charge density0.05 meq/g to 2.5 meq/g. Alternatively, the cationic guar polymer canhave a weight average M.Wt. of less than 1.5 million g/mol, 150 thousandg/mol to 1.5 million g/mol, 200 thousand g/mol to 1.5 million g/mol, 300thousand g/mol to 1.5 million g/mol, and 700,000 thousand g/mol to 1.5million g/mol. The cationic guar polymer can have a charge density 0.2meq/g to 2.2 meq/g, 0.3 meq/g to 2.0 meq/g, 0.4 meq/g to 1.8 meq/g; and0.5 meq/g to 1.7 meq/g.

A cationic guar polymer can have a weight average M.Wt. of less than 1million g/mol, and can have a charge density 0.1 meq/g to 2.5 meq/g. Acationic guar polymer can have a weight average M.Wt. of less than 900thousand g/mol, 150 thousand to 800 thousand g/mol, 200 thousand g/molto 700 thousand g/mol, 300 thousand to 700 thousand g/mol, 400 thousandto 600 thousand g/mol, 150 thousand g/mol to 800 thousand g/mol, 200thousand g/mol to 700 thousand g/mol, 300 thousand g/mol to 700 thousandg/mol, and 400 thousand g/mol to 600 thousand g/mol. A cationic guarpolymer has a charge density 0.2 meq/g to 2.2 meq/g, 0.3 meq/g to 2.0meq/g, 0.4 meq/g to 1.8 meq/g; and 0.5 meq/g to 1.5 meq/g.

A shampoo composition can include 0.01% to less than 0.7%, by weight ofthe shampoo composition of a cationic guar polymer, 0.04% to 0.55%, byweight, 0.08% to 0.5%, by weight, 0.16% to 0.5%, by weight, 0.2% to0.5%, by weight, 0.3% to 0.5%, by weight, and 0.4% to 0.5%, by weight.

The cationic guar polymer can be formed from quaternary ammoniumcompounds which conform to general Formula II:

where R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are methyl or ethyl groups, and R⁶ is either anepoxyalkyl group of the general Formula III:

or R⁶ is a halohydrin group of the general Formula IV:

wherein R⁷ is a C₁ to C₃ alkylene; X is chlorine or bromine, and Z is ananion such as Cl—, Br—, I— or HSO₄ ⁻ .

Suitable cationic guar polymers can conform to the general formula V:

wherein R⁸ is guar gum; and wherein R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are as definedabove; and wherein Z is a halogen.

Suitable cationic guar polymers can conform to Formula VI:

wherein R⁸ is guar gum.

Suitable cationic guar polymers can also include cationic guar gumderivatives, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride. Suitableexamples of guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chlorides can include theJaguar® series commercially available from Solvay S.A., Hi-Care Seriesfrom Rhodia, and N-Hance and AquaCat from Ashland Inc. Jaguar® C-500 hasa charge density of 0.8 meq/g and a M.Wt. of 500,000 g/mole; Jaguar®C-17 has a cationic charge density of 0.6 meq/g and a M.Wt. of 2.2million g/mol; Jaguar® C 13S has a M.Wt. of 2.2 million g/mol and acationic charge density of 0.8 meq/g; Hi-Care 1000 has a charge densityof 0.7 meq/g and a M.Wt. of 600,000 g/mole; N-Hance 3269 and N-Hance3270, have a charge density of 0.7 meq/g and a M.Wt. of 425,000 g/mole;N-Hance 3196 has a charge density of 0.8 meq/g and a M.Wt. of 1,100,000g/mole; and AquaCat CG518 has a charge density of 0.9 meq/g and a M.Wt.of 50,000 g/mole. N-Hance BF-13 and N-Hance BF-17 are borate (boron)free guar polymers. N-Hance BF-13 has a charge density of 1.1 meq/g andM.W.t of 800,000 and N-Hance BF-17 has a charge density of 1.7 meq/g andM.W.t of 800,000.

Cationic Non-Guar Galactomannan Polymer

The cationic polymer can be a galactomannan polymer derivative. Suitablegalactomannan polymer can have a mannose to galactose ratio of greaterthan 2:1 on a monomer-to-monomer basis and can be a cationicgalactomannan polymer derivative or an amphoteric galactomannan polymerderivative having a net positive charge. As used herein, the term“cationic galactomannan” refers to a galactomannan polymer to which acationic group is added. The term “amphoteric galactomannan” refers to agalactomannan polymer to which a cationic group and an anionic group areadded such that the polymer has a net positive charge.

Galactomannan polymers can be present in the endosperm of seeds of theLeguminosae family Galactomannan polymers are made up of a combinationof mannose monomers and galactose monomers. The galactomannan moleculeis a straight chain mannan branched at regular intervals with singlemembered galactose units on specific mannose units. The mannose unitsare linked to each other by means of β (1-4) glycosidic linkages. Thegalactose branching arises by way of an α (1-6) linkage. The ratio ofmannose monomers to galactose monomers varies according to the speciesof the plant and can be affected by climate. Non-guar galactomannanpolymer derivatives can have a ratio of mannose to galactose of greaterthan 2:1 on a monomer to monomer basis. Suitable ratios of mannose togalactose can also be greater than 3:1 or greater than 4:1. Analysis ofmannose to galactose ratios is well known in the art and is typicallybased on the measurement of the galactose content.

The gum for use in preparing the non-guar galactomannan polymerderivatives can be obtained from naturally occurring materials such asseeds or beans from plants. Examples of various non-guar galactomannanpolymers include Tara gum (3 parts mannose/1 part galactose), Locustbean or Carob (4 parts mannose/1 part galactose), and Cassia gum (5parts mannose/1 part galactose).

A non-guar galactomannan polymer derivative can have a M. Wt. 1,000g/mol to 10,000,000 g/mol, and a M.Wt. 5,000 g/mol to 3,000,000 g/mol.

The shampoo compositions described herein can include galactomannanpolymer derivatives which have a cationic charge density 0.5 meq/g to 7meq/g. The galactomannan polymer derivatives can have a cationic chargedensity 1 meq/g to 5 meq/g. The degree of substitution of the cationicgroups onto the galactomannan structure can be sufficient to provide therequisite cationic charge density.

A galactomannan polymer derivative can be a cationic derivative of thenon-guar galactomannan polymer, which is obtained by reaction betweenthe hydroxyl groups of the polygalactomannan polymer and reactivequaternary ammonium compounds. Suitable quaternary ammonium compoundsfor use in forming the cationic galactomannan polymer derivativesinclude those conforming to the general Formulas II to VI, as definedabove.

Cationic non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives formed from thereagents described above can be represented by the general Formula VII:

wherein R is the gum. The cationic galactomannan derivative can be a gumhydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, which can be more specificallyrepresented by the general Formula VIII:

The galactomannan polymer derivative can be an amphoteric galactomannanpolymer derivative having a net positive charge, obtained when thecationic galactomannan polymer derivative further comprises an anionicgroup.

A cationic non-guar galactomannan can have a ratio of mannose togalactose which is greater than 4:1, a M.Wt. of 100,000 g/mol to 500,000g/mol, a M.Wt. of 50,000 g/mol to 400,000 g/mol, and a cationic chargedensity 1 meq/g to 5 meq/g, and 2 meq/g to 4 meq/g.

Shampoo compositions can include at least 0.05% of a galactomannanpolymer derivative by weight of the composition. The shampoocompositions can include 0.05% to 2%, by weight of the composition, of agalactomannan polymer derivative.

Cationic Starch Polymers

Suitable cationic polymers can also be water-soluble cationicallymodified starch polymers. As used herein, the term “cationicallymodified starch” refers to a starch to which a cationic group is addedprior to degradation of the starch to a smaller molecular weight, orwherein a cationic group is added after modification of the starch toachieve a desired molecular weight. The definition of the term“cationically modified starch” also includes amphoterically modifiedstarch. The term “amphoterically modified starch” refers to a starchhydrolysate to which a cationic group and an anionic group are added.

The shampoo compositions described herein can include cationicallymodified starch polymers at a range of 0.01% to 10%, and/or 0.05% to 5%,by weight of the composition.

The cationically modified starch polymers disclosed herein have apercent of bound nitrogen of 0.5% to 4%.

The cationically modified starch polymers can have a molecular weight850,000 g/mol to 15,000,000 g/mol and 900,000 g/mol to 5,000,000 g/mol.

Cationically modified starch polymers can have a charge density of 0.2meq/g to 5 meq/g, and 0.2 meq/g to 2 meq/g. The chemical modification toobtain such a charge density can include the addition of amino and/orammonium groups into the starch molecules. Non-limiting examples of suchammonium groups can include substituents such as hydroxypropyltrimmonium chloride, trimethylhydroxypropyl ammonium chloride,dimethylstearylhydroxypropyl ammonium chloride, anddimethyldodecylhydroxypropyl ammonium chloride. Further details aredescribed in Solarek, D. B., Cationic Starches in Modified Starches:Properties and Uses, Wurzburg, O. B., Ed., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton,Fla. 1986, pp 113-125 which is hereby incorporated by reference. Thecationic groups can be added to the starch prior to degradation to asmaller molecular weight or the cationic groups may be added after suchmodification.

A cationically modified starch polymer can have a degree of substitutionof a cationic group 0.2 to 2.5. As used herein, the “degree ofsubstitution” of the cationically modified starch polymers is an averagemeasure of the number of hydroxyl groups on each anhydroglucose unitwhich is derivatized by substituent groups. Since each anhydroglucoseunit has three potential hydroxyl groups available for substitution, themaximum possible degree of substitution is 3. The degree of substitutionis expressed as the number of moles of substituent groups per mole ofanhydroglucose unit, on a molar average basis. The degree ofsubstitution can be determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopy (“¹H NMR”) methods well known in the art. Suitable ¹H NMRtechniques include those described in “Observation on NMR Spectra ofStarches in Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Iodine-Complexing, and Solvating inWater-Dimethyl Sulfoxide”, Qin-Ji Peng and Arthur S. Perlin,Carbohydrate Research, 160 (1987), 57-72; and “An Approach to theStructural Analysis of Oligosaccharides by NMR Spectroscopy”, J. HowardBradbury and J. Grant Collins, Carbohydrate Research, 71, (1979), 15-25.

The source of starch before chemical modification can be selected from avariety of sources such as tubers, legumes, cereal, and grains. Forexample, starch sources can include corn starch, wheat starch, ricestarch, waxy corn starch, oat starch, cassaya starch, waxy barley, waxyrice starch, glutenous rice starch, sweet rice starch, amioca, potatostarch, tapioca starch, oat starch, sago starch, sweet rice, or mixturesthereof. Suitable cationically modified starch polymers can be selectedfrom degraded cationic maize starch, cationic tapioca, cationic potatostarch, and mixtures thereof. Cationically modified starch polymers arecationic corn starch and cationic tapioca.

The starch, prior to degradation or after modification to a smallermolecular weight, can include one or more additional modifications. Forexample, these modifications may include cross-linking, stabilizationreactions, phosphorylations, and hydrolyzations. Stabilization reactionscan include alkylation and esterification.

Cationically modified starch polymers can be included in a shampoocomposition in the form of hydrolyzed starch (e.g., acid, enzyme, oralkaline degradation), oxidized starch (e.g., peroxide, peracid,hypochlorite, alkaline, or any other oxidizing agent),physically/mechanically degraded starch (e.g., via the thermo-mechanicalenergy input of the processing equipment), or combinations thereof.

The starch can be readily soluble in water and can form a substantiallytranslucent solution in water. The transparency of the composition ismeasured by Ultra-Violet/Visible (“UV/VIS”) spectrophotometry, whichdetermines the absorption or transmission of UV/VIS light by a sample,using a Gretag Macbeth Colorimeter Color. A light wavelength of 600 nmhas been shown to be adequate for characterizing the degree of clarityof shampoo compositions.

Cationic Copolymer of an Acrylamide Monomer and a Cationic Monomer

A shampoo composition can include a cationic copolymer of an acrylamidemonomer and a cationic monomer, wherein the copolymer has a chargedensity of 1.0 meq/g to 3.0 meq/g. The cationic copolymer can be asynthetic cationic copolymer of acrylamide monomers and cationicmonomers.

Suitable cationic polymers can include:

(i) an acrylamide monomer of the following Formula IX:

where R⁹ is H or C₁₋₄ alkyl; and R¹⁹ and R¹¹ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of H, C₁₋₄ alkyl, CH₂OCH₃, CH₂OCH₂CH(CH₃)₂,and phenyl, or together are C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; and

(ii) a cationic monomer conforming to Formula X:

where k=1, each of v, v′, and v″ is independently an integer of from 1to 6, w is zero or an integer of from 1 to 10, and X⁻ is an anion.

A cationic monomer can conform to Formula X where k=1, v=3 and w=0, z=1and X⁻ is Cl⁻ to form the following structure (Formula XI):

As can be appreciated, the above structure can be referred to as diquat.

A cationic monomer can conform to Formula X wherein v and v″ are each 3,v′=1, w=1, y=1 and X⁻ is Cl⁻, to form the following structure of FormulaXII:

The structure of Formula XII can be referred to as triquat.

The acrylamide monomer can be either acrylamide or methacrylamide.

The cationic copolymer can be AM:TRIQUAT which is a copolymer ofacrylamide and1,3-Propanediaminium,N-[2-[[[dimethyl[3-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]propyl]ammonio]acetyl]amino]ethyl]2-hydroxy-N,N,N′,N′-pentamethyl-,trichloride. AM:TRIQUAT is also known as polyquaternium 76 (PQ76).AM:TRIQUAT can have a charge density of 1.6 meq/g and a M.Wt. of 1.1million g/mol.

The cationic copolymer can include an acrylamide monomer and a cationicmonomer, wherein the cationic monomer is selected from the groupconsisting of: dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl(meth)acrylate, ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate,dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl(meth)acrylamide; ethylenimine, vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine,4-vinylpyridine; trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate chloride,trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methyl sulphate, dimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammoniumethyl acrylate chloride, trimethyl ammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamidochloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl (meth)acrylamido chloride,vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, diallyldimethyl ammoniumchloride, and mixtures thereof.

The cationic copolymer can include a cationic monomer selected from thegroup consisting of: trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate chloride,trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methyl sulphate, dimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammoniumethyl acrylate chloride, trimethyl ammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamidochloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl (meth)acrylamido chloride,vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.

The cationic copolymer can be formed from (1) copolymers of(meth)acrylamide and cationic monomers based on (meth)acrylamide, and/orhydrolysis-stable cationic monomers, (2) terpolymers of(meth)acrylamide, monomers based on cationic (meth)acrylic acid esters,and monomers based on (meth)acrylamide, and/or hydrolysis-stablecationic monomers. Monomers based on cationic (meth)acrylic acid esterscan be cationized esters of the (meth)acrylic acid containing aquaternized N atom. Cationized esters of the (meth)acrylic acidcontaining a quaternized N atom can be quaternized dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylates with C₁ to C₃ in the alkyl and alkylene groups. Thecationized esters of the (meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized Natom can be selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts ofdimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate,dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, diethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylate,diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate; and diethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylatequaternized with methyl chloride. The cationized esters of the(meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized N atom can bedimethylaminoethyl acrylate, which is quaternized with an alkyl halide,or with methyl chloride or benzyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate(ADAME-Quat). The cationic monomer when based on (meth)acrylamides arequaternized dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides with C₁ to C₃ in thealkyl and alkylene groups, or dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, which isquaternized with an alkyl halide, or methyl chloride or benzyl chlorideor dimethyl sulfate.

The cationic monomer based on a (meth)acrylamide can be a quaternizeddialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide with C₁ to C₃ in the alkyl andalkylene groups. The cationic monomer based on a (meth)acrylamide can bedimethylaminopropylacrylamide, which is quaternized with an alkylhalide, especially methyl chloride or benzyl chloride or dimethylsulfate.

The cationic monomer can be a hydrolysis-stable cationic monomer.Hydrolysis-stable cationic monomers can be, in addition to adialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide, any monomer that can be regarded asstable to the OECD hydrolysis test. The cationic monomer can behydrolysis-stable and the hydrolysis-stable cationic monomer can beselected from the group consisting of: diallyldimethylammonium chlorideand water-soluble, cationic styrene derivatives.

The cationic copolymer can be a terpolymer of acrylamide,2-dimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate quaternized with methyl chloride(ADAME-Q) and 3-dimethylammoniumpropyl(meth)acrylamide quaternized withmethyl chloride (DIMAPA-Q). The cationic copolymer can be formed fromacrylamide and acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, wherein theacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride has a charge density of 1.0meq/g to 3.0 meq/g.

The cationic copolymer can have a charge density of 1.1 meq/g to 2.5meq/g, 1.1 meq/g to 2.3 meq/g, 1.2 meq/g to 2.2 meq/g, 1.2 meq/g to 2.1meq/g, 1.3 meq/g to 2.0 meq/g, and 1.3 meq/g to 1.9 meq/g.

The cationic copolymer can have a M.Wt. 100 thousand g/mol to 2 milliong/mol, 300 thousand g/mol to 1.8 million g/mol, 500 thousand g/mol to1.6 million g/mol, 700 thousand g/mol to 1.4 million g/mol, and 900thousand g/mol to 1.2 million g/mol.

The cationic copolymer can be a trimethylammoniopropylmethacrylamidechloride-N-Acrylamide copolymer, which is also known as AM:MAPTAC andcan have a charge density of 1.3 meq/g and a M.Wt. of 1.1 million g/mol.The cationic copolymer can be AM:ATPAC and can have a charge density of1.8 meq/g and a M.Wt. of 1.1 million g/mol.

Synthetic Polymers

A cationic polymer can be a synthetic polymer that is formed from:

i) one or more cationic monomer units, and optionally

ii) one or more monomer units bearing a negative charge, and/or

iii) a nonionic monomer,

wherein the subsequent charge of the copolymer is positive. The ratio ofthe three types of monomers is given by “m”, “p” and “q” where “m” isthe number of cationic monomers, “p” is the number of monomers bearing anegative charge and “q” is the number of nonionic monomers

The cationic polymers can be water soluble or dispersible,non-crosslinked, and synthetic cationic polymers which have thestructure of Formula XIII:

where A may be one or more of the following cationic moieties:

where @=amido, alkylamido, ester, ether, alkyl or alkylaryl,where Y=C1-C22 alkyl, alkoxy, alkylidene, alkyl or aryloxy,where ψ=C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, alkyl aryl or alkyl arylox,where Z=C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, aryl or aryloxy,where R1=H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl,where s=0 or 1, n=0 or ≥1,where T and R7=C1-C22 alkyl,where X−=halogen, hydroxide, alkoxide, sulfate or alkylsulfate;where the monomer bearing a negative charge is defined by R2′=H, C₁-C₄linear or branched alkyl and R3 is:

where D=O, N, or S;where Q=NH₂ or O;where u=1-6;where t=0-1; andwhere J=oxygenated functional group containing the following elements P,S, C; andwhere the nonionic monomer is defined by R2″=H, C₁-C₄ linear or branchedalkyl, R6=linear or branched alkyl, alkyl aryl, aryl oxy, alkyloxy,alkylaryl oxy and β is defined as:

where G′ and G″ are, independently of one another, O, S or N—H and L=0or 1.

Suitable monomers can include aminoalkyl (meth)acrylates,(meth)aminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides; monomers comprising at least onesecondary, tertiary or quaternary amine function, or a heterocyclicgroup containing a nitrogen atom, vinylamine or ethylenimine;diallyldialkyl ammonium salts; their mixtures, their salts, andmacromonomers deriving from therefrom.

Further examples of suitable cationic monomers can includedimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate,ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl(meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide, ethylenimine,vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, trimethylammonium ethyl(meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methylsulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride,4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl(meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride,diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride.

Suitable cationic monomers can include quaternary monomers of formula—NR₃ ⁺, wherein each R can be identical or different, and can be ahydrogen atom, an alkyl group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or abenzyl group, optionally carrying a hydroxyl group, and including ananion (counter-ion). Examples of suitable anions include halides such aschlorides, bromides, sulphates, hydrosulphates, alkylsulphates (forexample comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms), phosphates, citrates, formates,and acetates.

Suitable cationic monomers can also include trimethylammonium ethyl(meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methylsulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride,4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl(meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.Additional suitable cationic monomers can include trimethyl ammoniumpropyl (meth)acrylamido chloride. Examples of monomers bearing anegative charge include alpha ethylenically unsaturated monomersincluding a phosphate or phosphonate group, alpha ethylenicallyunsaturated monocarboxylic acids, monoalkylesters of alpha ethylenicallyunsaturated dicarboxylic acids, monoalkylamides of alpha ethylenicallyunsaturated dicarboxylic acids, alpha ethylenically unsaturatedcompounds comprising a sulphonic acid group, and salts of alphaethylenically unsaturated compounds comprising a sulphonic acid group.

Suitable monomers with a negative charge can include acrylic acid,methacrylic acid, vinyl sulphonic acid, salts of vinyl sulfonic acid,vinylbenzene sulphonic acid, salts of vinylbenzene sulphonic acid,alpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid, salts ofalpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid, 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate,salts of 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate, acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonicacid (AMPS), salts of acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, andstyrenesulphonate (SS).

Examples of nonionic monomers can include vinyl acetate, amides of alphaethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters of an alphaethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with an hydrogenated orfluorinated alcohol, polyethylene oxide (meth)acrylate (i.e.polyethoxylated (meth)acrylic acid), monoalkylesters of alphaethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, monoalkylamides of alphaethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, vinyl nitriles, vinylamineamides, vinyl alcohol, vinyl pyrolidone, and vinyl aromatic compounds.

Suitable nonionic monomers can also include styrene, acrylamide,methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methylacrylate, ethylacrylate,n-propylacrylate, n-butylacrylate, methylmethacrylate,ethylmethacrylate, n-propylmethacrylate, n-butylmethacrylate,2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl methacrylate,2-hydroxyethylacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate.

The anionic counterion (X⁻) in association with the synthetic cationicpolymers can be any known counterion so long as the polymers remainsoluble or dispersible in water, in the shampoo composition, or in acoacervate phase of the shampoo composition, and so long as thecounterions are physically and chemically compatible with the essentialcomponents of the shampoo composition or do not otherwise unduly impairproduct performance, stability or aesthetics. Non limiting examples ofsuitable counterions can include halides (e.g., chlorine, fluorine,bromine, iodine), sulfate, and methylsulfate.

The cationic polymer described herein can also aid in repairing damagedhair, particularly chemically treated hair by providing a surrogatehydrophobic F-layer. The microscopically thin F-layer provides naturalweatherproofing, while helping to seal in moisture and prevent furtherdamage. Chemical treatments damage the hair cuticle and strip away itsprotective F-layer. As the F-layer is stripped away, the hair becomesincreasingly hydrophilic. It has been found that when lyotropic liquidcrystals are applied to chemically treated hair, the hair becomes morehydrophobic and more virgin-like, in both look and feel. Without beinglimited to any theory, it is believed that the lyotropic liquid crystalcomplex creates a hydrophobic layer or film, which coats the hair fibersand protects the hair, much like the natural F-layer protects the hair.The hydrophobic layer can return the hair to a generally virgin-like,healthier state. Lyotropic liquid crystals are formed by combining thesynthetic cationic polymers described herein with the aforementionedanionic detersive surfactant component of the shampoo composition. Thesynthetic cationic polymer has a relatively high charge density. Itshould be noted that some synthetic polymers having a relatively highcationic charge density do not form lyotropic liquid crystals, primarilydue to their abnormal linear charge densities. Such synthetic cationicpolymers are described in PCT Patent App. No. WO 94/06403 which isincorporated by reference. The synthetic polymers described herein canbe formulated in a stable shampoo composition that provides improvedconditioning performance, with respect to damaged hair.

Cationic synthetic polymers that can form lyotropic liquid crystals havea cationic charge density of 2 meq/gm to 7 meq/gm, and/or 3 meq/gm to 7meq/gm, and/or 4 meq/gm to 7 meq/gm. The cationic charge density is 6.2meq/gm. The polymers also have a M. Wt. of 1,000 to 5,000,000, and/or10,000 to 2,000,000, and/or 100,000 to 2,000,000.

Cationic synthetic polymers that provide enhanced conditioning anddeposition of benefit agents but do not necessarily form lytropic liquidcrystals can have a cationic charge density of 0.7 meq/gm to 7 meq/gm,and/or 0.8 meq/gm to 5 meq/gm, and/or 1.0 meq/gm to 3 meq/gm. Thepolymers also have a M.Wt. of 1,000 g/mol to 5,000,000 g/mol, 10,000g/mol to 2,000,000 g/mol, and 100,000 g/mol to 2,000,000 g/mol.

Cationic Cellulose Polymer

Suitable cationic polymers can be cellulose polymers. Suitable cellulosepolymers can include salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted withtrimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide, referred to in the industry(CTFA) as Polyquaternium 10 and available from Dwo/Amerchol Corp.(Edison, N.J., USA) in their Polymer LR, JR, and KG series of polymers.Other suitable types of cationic cellulose can include the polymericquaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryldimethyl ammonium-substituted epoxide referred to in the industry (CTFA)as Polyquaternium 24. These materials are available from Dow/AmercholCorp. under the tradename Polymer LM-200. Other suitable types ofcationic cellulose can include the polymeric quaternary ammonium saltsof hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethylammonium-substituted epoxide and trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxidereferred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 67. These materialsare available from Dow/Amerchol Corp. under the tradename SoftCATPolymer SL-5, SoftCAT Polymer SL-30, Polymer SL-60, Polymer SL-100,Polymer SK-L, Polymer SK-M, Polymer SK-MH, and Polymer SK-H.

Additional cationic polymers are also described in the CTFA CosmeticIngredient Dictionary, 3rd edition, edited by Estrin, Crosley, andHaynes, (The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, Inc.,Washington, D.C. (1982)), which is incorporated herein by reference.

Techniques for analysis of formation of complex coacervates are known inthe art. For example, microscopic analyses of the compositions, at anychosen stage of dilution, can be utilized to identify whether acoacervate phase has formed. Such coacervate phase can be identifiableas an additional emulsified phase in the composition. The use of dyescan aid in distinguishing the coacervate phase from other insolublephases dispersed in the composition. Additional details the use ofcationic polymers and coacervates are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.9,272,164 which is incorporated by reference.

Liquid Carrier for the Shampoo Composition

The shampoo composition also includes a liquid carrier. Inclusion of anappropriate quantity of a liquid carrier can facilitate the formation ofa shampoo composition having an appropriate viscosity and rheology. Ashampoo composition can include, by weight of the composition, 60% to95% of a liquid carrier, 65% to 92%, 70% to 90% of a liquid carrier, and75% to 90% of a liquid carrier.

A liquid carrier can be water or a miscible mixture of water and organicsolvent. A liquid carrier can be water with minimal or no significantconcentrations of organic solvent, except as otherwise incidentallyincorporated into the composition as minor ingredients of otheressential or optional components. Suitable organic solvents can includewater solutions of lower alkyl alcohols and polyhydric alcohols. Usefullower alkyl alcohols include monohydric alcohols having 1 to 6 carbons,such as ethanol and isopropanol. Exemplary polyhydric alcohols includepropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerin, and propane diol.

Optional Components

As can be appreciated, shampoo compositions described herein can includea variety of optional components to tailor the properties andcharacteristics of the composition. As can be appreciated, suitableoptional components are well known and can generally include anycomponents which are physically and chemically compatible with theessential components of the shampoo compositions described herein.Optional components should not otherwise unduly impair productstability, aesthetics, or performance Individual concentrations ofoptional components can generally range 0.001% to 10%, by weight of ashampoo composition.

Suitable optional components which can be included in a shampoocomposition can include natural ingredients such as, tea extracts, andnatural antioxidants such as grape seed extracts, natural hairconditioning oils, such as safflower oil, jojoba oil, argon oil, andcombinations thereof.

Suitable optional components which can be included in a shampoocomposition can include, deposition aids, conditioning agents (includinghydrocarbon oils, fatty esters, silicones), anti-dandruff agents,suspending agents, viscosity modifiers, dyes, nonvolatile solvents ordiluents (water soluble and insoluble), pearlescent aids, foam boosters,pediculocides, pH adjusting agents, perfumes, preservatives, chelants,proteins, skin active agents, sunscreens, UV absorbers, and vitamins.

Silicone Emulsions

The hair care composition can comprise 0% to 10%, 0.1% to 8%, 0.1% to5%, 0.1% to 4%, 0.1% to 3%, 0.1% to 2%, 0.1% to 1.5%, and/or 0.1% to1.2%, by weight, of one of more silicone polymers. The silicone polymercan be added into the hair care composition as an aqueous pre-emulsion.The silicone pre-emulsion can comprise one or more silicone polymers andan emulsifying system. The silicone polymer content in the siliconepre-emulsion can be 10%, by weight, to 70%, by weight, or 15%, byweight, to 60%, by weight, or 18%, by weight, to 50% by weight.

The silicone emulsion can have an average particle size of less than 500nm, alternatively 300 nm, alternatively less than 200 nm, andalternatively less than 100 nm. The silicone emulsion can have anaverage particle size of 5 nm to 500 nm, 10 nm to 400 nm, and/or 20 nmto 300 nm. The silicone emulsion can be in the form of a nano-emulsion.

The particle size of the one or more silicones may be measured bydynamic light scattering (DLS). A Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZEN3600 systemusing He—Ne laser 633 nm may be used for the measurement at 25° C.

The autocorrelation function may be analyzed using the ZetasizerSoftware provided by Malvern Instruments, which determines the effectivehydrodynamic radius, using the Stokes-Einstein equation:

$D = \frac{k_{B}T}{6\pi\eta R}$wherein k_(B) is the Boltzmann Constant, T is the absolute temperature,η is the viscosity of the medium, D is the mean diffusion coefficient ofthe scattering species, and R is the hydrodynamic radius of particles.

Particle size (i.e. hydrodynamic radius) may be obtained by correlatingthe observed speckle pattern that arises due to Brownian motion andsolving the Stokes-Einstein equation, which relates the particle size tothe measured diffusion constant, as is known in the art.

For each sample, 3 measurements may be made and Z-average values may bereported as the particle size.

The one or more silicones may be in the form of a nanoemulsion. Thenanoemulsion may comprise any silicone suitable for application to theskin and/or hair.

The one or more silicones may include in their molecular structure polarfunctional groups such as Si—OH (present in dimethiconols), primaryamines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and quaternary ammoniumsalts. The one or more silicones may be selected from aminosilicones,pendant quaternary ammonium silicones, terminal quaternary ammoniumsilicones, amino polyalkylene oxide silicones, quaternary ammoniumpolyalkylene oxide silicones, and amino morpholino silicones.

The one or more silicones may comprise:

(a) at least one aminosilicone corresponding to formula (XIV):R′_(a)G_(3-a)-Si(OSiG₂)_(n)—(OSiG_(b)R′_(2-b))_(m)—O—SiG_(3-a)-R′_(a)  (XIV)where:G is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, OH group, and C₁-C₈alkyl groups, for example methyl,a is an integer ranging from 0 to 3, and in one embodiment a is 0,b is chosen from 0 and 1, and in one embodiment b is 1,m and n are numbers such that the sum (n+m) can range for example from 1to 2 000, such as for example from 50 to 150, wherein n can be forexample chosen from numbers ranging from 0 to 1 999, such as for examplefrom 49 to 149, and wherein m can be chosen from numbers ranging forexample from 1 to 2 000, such as for example from 1 to 10;R′ is a monovalent group of formula —C_(q)H_(2q)L in which q is a numberfrom 2 to 8 and L is an optionally quaternized amine group chosen fromthe groups:—NR″—CH₂—CH₂—N′(R¹)₂,—N(R″)₂,—N⁺(R″)₃A⁻,—N⁺H(R″)₂A⁻,—N⁺ ₂(R″)A⁻, and—N(R″)—CH₂—CH₂—N⁺R″H₂A⁻,Where R″ can be chosen from a hydrogen atom, phenyl groups, benzylgroups, and saturated monovalent hydrocarbon-based groups such as, forexample, an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and A⁻ ischosen from halide ions such as, for example, fluoride, chloride,bromide and iodide.

The one or more silicones may include those corresponding to formula(XIV) wherein a=0, G=methyl, m and n are numbers such that the sum (n+m)can range for example from 1 to 2 000, such as for example from 50 to150, wherein n can be for example chosen from numbers ranging from 0 to1 999, such as for example from 49 to 149, and wherein m can be chosenfrom numbers ranging for example from 1 to 2 000, such as for examplefrom 1 to 10; and L is —N(CH₃)₂ or —NH₂, alternatively —NH₂.

Additional said at least one aminosilicone of the invention include:

(b) pendant quaternary ammonium silicones of formula (XV):

where:R₅ is chosen from monovalent hydrocarbon-based groups comprising from 1to 18 carbon atoms, such as C₁-C₁₈ alkyl groups and C₂-C₁₈ alkenylgroups, for example methyl;R₆ is chosen from divalent hydrocarbon-based groups, such as divalentC₁-C₁₈ alkylene groups and divalent C₁-C₁₈ alkylenoxy groups, forexample C₁-C₈ alkylenoxy groups, wherein said R₆ is bonded to the Si byway of an SiC bond;Q⁻ is an anion that can be for example chosen from halide ions, such aschloride, and organic acid salts (such as acetate);r is an average statistical value ranging from 2 to 20, such as from 2to 8;s is an average statistical value ranging from 20 to 200, such as from20 to 50.

Such aminosilicones are described more particularly in U.S. Pat. No.4,185,087, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

A silicone which falls within this class is the silicone sold by thecompany Union Carbide under the name “Ucar Silicone ALE 56”.

Further examples of said at least one aminosilicone include:

c) quaternary ammonium silicones of formula (XVI):

where:groups R₇, which may be identical or different, are each chosen frommonovalent hydrocarbon-based groups comprising from 1 to 18 carbonatoms, such as C₁-C₁₈ alkyl groups, for example methyl, C₂-C₁₈ alkenylgroups, and rings comprising 5 or 6 carbon atoms;R6 is chosen from divalent hydrocarbon-based groups, such as divalentC₁-C₁₈ alkylene groups and divalent C₁-C₁₈alkylenoxy, for example C₁-C₈,group connected to the Si by an SiC bond;R₈, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, amonovalent hydrocarbon-based group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,and in particular a C₁-C₁₈ alkyl group, a C₂-C₁₈ alkenyl group or agroup —R₆—NHCOR₇;X⁻ is an anion such as a halide ion, in particular chloride, or anorganic acid salt (acetate, etc.);r represents an average statistical value from 2 to 200 and inparticular from 5 to 100.Such silicones are described, for example, in application EP-A-0 530974, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.Silicones falling within this class are the silicones sold by thecompany Eovnik under the names Abil Quat 3270, Abil Quat 3272, Abil Quat3474 and Abil ME 45.Further examples of said at least one aminosilicone include:d) quaternary ammonium and polyalkylene oxide siliconeswherein the quaternary nitrogen groups are located in the polysiloxanebackbone, at the termini, or both.Such silicones are described in PCT Publication No. WO 2002/010257, thedisclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.Silicones falling within this class are the silicones sold by thecompany Momentive under the names Silsoft Q.(e) Aminofunctional silicones having morpholino groups of formula(XVII):

where A denotes a structural unit (a), (b), or (c) bound via —O—

-   -   or an oligomeric or polymeric residue, bound via —O—, containing        structural units of formulas (I), (II), or (III), or half of a        connecting oxygen atom to a structural unit (III), or denotes        —OH,    -   * denotes a bond to one of the structural units (I), (II), or        (III), or denotes a terminal group B (Si-bound) or D (O-bound),    -   B denotes an —OH, —O—Si(CH₃)₃, —O—Si(CH₃)₂OH, —O—Si(CH₃)₂OCH₃        group,    -   D denotes an —H, —Si(CH₃)₃, —Si(CH₃)₂OH, —Si(CH₃)₂OCH₃ group,    -   a, b, and c denote integers between 0 and 1000, with the        provision that a+b+c>0,    -   m, n, and o denote integers between 1 and 1000.

Aminofunctional silicones of this kind bear the INCI name:Amodimethicone/Morpholinomethyl Silsesquioxane Copolymer. A particularlysuitable amodimethicone is the product having the commercial name WackerBelsil® ADM 8301E.

Examples of such silicones are available from the following suppliers:

offered by the company Dow Corning: Fluids: 2-8566, AP 6087, AP 6088, DC8040 Fluid, fluid 8822A DC, DC 8803 & 8813 polymer, 7-6030, AP-8104, AP8201; Emulsions: CE-8170 AF Micro Emulsion, 2-8177, 2-8194Microemulsion, 9224 Emulsion, DC 1872 Emulsion, 939, 949, 959, DC 5-7113Quat Microemulsion, DC 5-7070 Emulsion, DC CE-8810, CE 8401 Emulsion, CE1619, Dow Corning Toray SS-3551, Dow Corning Toray SS-3552;offered by the company Wacker: Wacker Belsil ADM 652, ADM 656, 1100,1600, 1650 (fluids) ADM 6060 (linear amodimethicone) emulsion; ADM 6057E (branched amodimethicone) emulsion; ADM 8020 VP (micro emulsion); SLM28040 (micro emulsion); DM5500 emulsion;offered by the Company Momentive: Silsoft 331, SF1708, SME 253 & 254(emulsion), SM2125 (emulsion), SM 2658 (emulsion), Silsoft Q (emulsion)offered by the company Shin-Etsu: KF-889, KF-867S, KF-8004, X-52-2265(emulsion);offered by the Company Siltech Silicones: Siltech E-2145, E-Siltech2145-35;offered by the company Evonik Industries: Abil T Quat 60th

Some non-limiting examples of aminosilicones include the compoundshaving the following INCI names Silicone Quaternium-1, SiliconeQuaternium-2, Silicone Quaternium-3, Silicone Quaternium-4, SiliconeQuaternium-5, Silicone Quaternium-6, Silicone Quaternium-7, SiliconeQuaternium-8, Silicone Quaternium-9, Silicone Quaternium-10, SiliconeQuaternium-11, Silicone Quaternium-12, Silicone Quaternium-15, SiliconeQuaternium-16, Silicone Quaternium-17, Silicone Quaternium-18, SiliconeQuaternium-20, Silicone Quaternium-21, Silicone Quaternium-22,Quaternium-80, as well as Silicone Quaternium-2 Panthenol Succinate andSilicone Quaternium-16/Glycidyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer.

The aminosilicones can be supplied in the form of a nanoemulsion andinclude MEM 9049, MEM 8177, MEM 0959, MEM 8194, SME 253, and Silsoft Q.

The one or more silicones may include dimethicones, and/ordimethiconols. The dimethiconols are hydroxyl terminateddimethylsilicones represented by the general chemical formulas

where R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl, morepreferably methyl) and x is an integer up to 500, chosen to achieve thedesired molecular weight. Commercial dimethiconols typically are sold asmixtures with dimethicone or cyclomethicone (e.g., Dow Corning® 1401,1402, and 1403 fluids).

According to another aspect of the silicone emulsion, the emulsionfurther includes an anionic surfactant that participates in providinghigh internal phase viscosity emulsions having particle sizes in therange 30 nm to 10 micron. The anionic surfactant is selected fromorganic sulfonic acids. Most common sulfonic acids used in the presentprocess are alkylaryl sulfonic acid; alkylaryl polyoxyethylene sulphonicacid; alkyl sulfonic acid; and alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfonic acid.General formulas of the sulfonic acids are as shown below:

R16C6H4SO3H,

R16C6H4O(C2H4O)mSO3H,

R16SO3H, and

R16O(C2H4O)mSO3H.

Where R16, which may differ, is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical havingat least 6 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of R16 include hexyl,octyl, decyl, dodecyl, cetyl, stearyl, myristyl, and oleyl. ‘m’ is aninteger from 1 to 25. Exemplary anionic surfactants include but are notlimited to octylbenzene sulfonic acid; dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid;cetylbenzene sulfonic acid; alpha-octyl sulfonic acid; alpha-dodecylsulfonic acid; alpha-cetyl sulfonic acid; polyoxyethylene octylbenzenesulfonic acid; polyoxyethylene dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid;polyoxyethylene cetylbenzene sulfonic acid; polyoxyethylene octylsulfonic acid; polyoxyethylene dodecyl sulfonic acid; andpolyoxyethylene cetyl sulfonic acid. Generally, 1 to 15% anionicsurfactant is used in the emulsion process. For example, 3-10% anionicsurfactant can be used to obtain an optimum result. The siliconeemulsion may further include an additional emulsifier together with theanionic surfactant, which along with the controlled temperature ofemulsification and polymerization, facilitates making the emulsion in asimple and faster way. Non-ionic emulsifiers having a hydrophiliclipophilic balance (HLB) value of 10 to 19 are suitable and includepolyoxyalkylene alkyl ether, polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ethers andpolyoxyalkylene sorbitan esters. Some useful emulsifiers having an HLBvalue of 10 to 19 include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycoloctyl ether; polyethylene glycol lauryl ether; polyethylene glycoltridecyl ether; polyethylene glycol cetyl ether; polyethylene glycolstearyl ether; polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether; polyethyleneglycol dodecylphenyl ether; polyethylene glycol cetylphenyl ether;polyethylene glycol stearylphenyl ether; polyethylene glycol sorbitanmono stearate; and polyethylene glycol sorbitan mono oleate.Non-Silicone Conditioning Agents

The conditioning agent of the hair care compositions described hereinmay also comprise at least one organic conditioning agents, either aloneor in combination with other conditioning agents, such as the siliconesdescribed above. Non-limiting examples of organic conditioning agentsare described below.

a. Hydrocarbon Oils

Suitable organic conditioning agents for use as conditioning agents inhair care compositions include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon oilshaving at least 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclic hydrocarbons, straightchain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), and branchedchain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), includingpolymers and mixtures thereof. Straight chain hydrocarbon oils can beC₁₂ to C₁₉. Branched chain hydrocarbon oils, including hydrocarbonpolymers, typically will contain more than 19 carbon atoms.

b. Polyolefins

Organic conditioning oils for use in the hair care compositionsdescribed herein also include liquid polyolefins, including liquidpoly-α-olefins and/or hydrogenated liquid poly-α-olefins. Polyolefinsfor use herein are prepared by polymerization of C₄ to C₁₄ olefinicmonomers, alternatively C₆ to C₁₂.

c. Fatty Esters

Other suitable organic conditioning agents for use as a conditioningagent in the hair care compositions described herein include fattyesters having at least 10 carbon atoms. These fatty esters includeesters with hydrocarbyl chains derived from fatty acids or alcohols. Thehydrocarbyl radicals of the fatty esters hereof may include or havecovalently bonded thereto other compatible functionalities, such asamides and alkoxy moieties (e.g., ethoxy or ether linkages, etc.). Otheroligomeric or polymeric esters, prepared from unsaturated glycerylesters can also be used as conditioning materials.

d. Fluorinated Conditioning Compounds

Fluorinated compounds suitable for delivering conditioning to hair asorganic conditioning agents include perfluoropolyethers, perfluorinatedolefins, fluorine-based specialty polymers that may be in a fluid orelastomer form similar to the silicone fluids previously described, andperfluorinated dimethicones.

e. Fatty Alcohols

Other suitable organic conditioning oils for use in the hair carecompositions described herein include, but are not limited to, fattyalcohols having at least 10 carbon atoms, 10 to 22 carbon atoms, andalternatively 12 to 16 carbon atoms.

f. Alkyl Glucosides and Alkyl Glucoside Derivatives

Suitable organic conditioning oils for use in the hair care compositionsdescribed herein include, but are not limited to, alkyl glucosides andalkyl glucoside derivatives. Specific non-limiting examples of suitablealkyl glucosides and alkyl glucoside derivatives include Glucam E-10,Glucam E-20, Glucam P-10, and Glucquat 125 commercially available fromAmerchol.

g. Polyethylene Glycols

Additional compounds useful herein as conditioning agents includepolyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a molecular weightof up to 2,000,000 such as those with CTFA names PEG-200, PEG-400,PEG-600, PEG-1000, PEG-2M, PEG-7M, PEG-14M, PEG-45M and mixturesthereof.

2. Emulsifiers

A variety of anionic and nonionic emulsifiers can be used in the haircare compositions. The anionic and nonionic emulsifiers can be eithermonomeric or polymeric in nature. Monomeric examples include, by way ofillustrating and not limitation, alkyl ethoxylates, alkyl sulfates,soaps, and fatty esters and their derivatives. Polymeric examplesinclude, by way of illustrating and not limitation, polyacrylates,polyethylene glycols, and block copolymers and their derivatives.Naturally occurring emulsifiers such as lanolins, lecithin and ligninand their derivatives are also non-limiting examples of usefulemulsifiers.

Anti-Dandruff Actives

A shampoo composition can also contain an anti-dandruff agent. Suitableanti-dandruff agents can include pyridinethione salts, azoles, seleniumsulfide, particulate sulfur, and mixtures thereof. Such anti-dandruffparticulate should be physically and chemically compatible with theessential components of the composition, and should not otherwise undulyimpair product stability, aesthetics or performance A shampoocomposition can include a cationic polymer to enhance deposition of ananti-dandruff active.

a. Pyridinethione Salts

An anti-dandruff agent can be a pyridinethione particulate such as a1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salt. The concentration of pyridinethioneanti-dandruff particulates can range 0.1% to 4%, 0.1% to 3%, and 0.3% to2% by weight of the composition. Suitable pyridinethione salts includethose formed from heavy metals such as zinc, tin, cadmium, magnesium,aluminum and zirconium, particularly suitable is the zinc salt of1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (known as “zinc pyridinethione” or “ZPT”),1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts in platelet particle form, wherein theparticles have an average size of up to 20μ, up to 5μ, up to 2.5 Saltsformed from other cations, such as sodium, can also be suitable.Pyridinethione anti-dandruff agents are further described in U.S. Pat.Nos. 2,809,971; 3,236,733; 3,753,196; 3,761,418; 4,345,080; 4,323,683;4,379,753; and 4,470,982, each of which are incorporated herein byreference. It is contemplated that when ZPT is used as the anti-dandruffparticulate, that the growth or re-growth of hair may be stimulated orregulated, or both, or that hair loss may be reduced or inhibited, orthat hair may appear thicker or fuller.

b. Other Anti-Microbial Actives

In addition to the anti-dandruff active selected from polyvalent metalsalts of pyrithione, a shampoo composition can further include one ormore anti-fungal or anti-microbial actives in addition to the metalpyrithione salt actives. Suitable anti-microbial actives include coaltar, sulfur, whitfield's ointment, castellani's paint, aluminumchloride, gentian violet, octopirox (piroctone olamine), ciclopiroxolamine, undecylenic acid and it's metal salts, potassium permanganate,selenium sulphide, sodium thiosulfate, propylene glycol, oil of bitterorange, urea preparations, griseofulvin, 8-hydroxyquinoline ciloquinol,thiobendazole, thiocarbamates, haloprogin, polyenes, hydroxypyridone,morpholine, benzylamine, allylamines (such as terbinafine), tea treeoil, clove leaf oil, coriander, palmarosa, berberine, thyme red,cinnamon oil, cinnamic aldehyde, citronellic acid, hinokitol, ichthyolpale, Sensiva SC-50, Elestab HP-100, azelaic acid, lyticase,iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), isothiazalinones such as octylisothiazalinone and azoles, and combinations thereof. Suitableanti-microbials can include itraconazole, ketoconazole, seleniumsulphide and coal tar.

c. Soluble Anti-Dandruff Agent

A suitable anti-microbial agent can be one material or a mixtureselected from: azoles, such as climbazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole,econazole, and elubiol; hydroxy pyriclones, such as piroctone olamine,ciclopirox, rilopirox, and MEA-Hydroxyoctyloxypyridinone; kerolyticagents, such as salicylic acid and other hydroxy acids; strobilurinssuch as azoxystrobin and metal chelators such as 1,10-phenanthroline.Examples of azole anti-microbials can include imidazoles such asbenzimidazole, benzothiazole, bifonazole, butaconazole nitrate,climbazole, clotrimazole, croconazole, eberconazole, econazole, elubiol,fenticonazole, fluconazole, flutimazole, isoconazole, ketoconazole,lanoconazole, metronidazole, miconazole, neticonazole, omoconazole,oxiconazole nitrate, sertaconazole, sulconazole nitrate, tioconazole,thiazole, and triazoles such as terconazole and itraconazole, andcombinations thereof. When present in a shampoo composition, the solubleanti-microbial active can be included in an amount 0.01% to 5%, 0.5% to6%, 0.1% to 3%, 0.1% to 9%, OA % to 1.5%, OA % to 2%, and more 0.3% to2%, by weight of the composition.

d. Selenium Sulfide

Selenium sulfide is a particulate anti-dandruff agent suitable for useas an anti-microbial compositions when included at concentrations of0.1% to 4%, by weight of the composition, 0.3% to 2.5% by weight, and0.5% to 1.5% by weight. Selenium sulfide is generally regarded as acompound having one mole of selenium and two moles of sulfur, althoughit may also be a cyclic structure that conforms to the general formulaSe_(x)S_(y), wherein x+y=8. Average particle diameters for the seleniumsulfide are typically less than 15 μm, as measured by forward laserlight scattering device (e.g. Malvern 3600 instrument), less than 10 pm.Selenium sulfide compounds are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos.2,694,668; 3,152,046; 4,089,945; and 4,885,107, each of which areincorporated herein by reference.

e. Sulfur

Sulfur can also be used as a particulate anti-microbial/anti-dandruffagent. Effective concentrations of the particulate sulfur are typically1% to 4%, by weight of the composition, alternatively 2% to 4%.

f. Keratolytic Agents

Keratolytic agents such as salicylic acid can also be included in ashampoo composition described herein.

g. Other

Additional anti-microbial actives can include extracts of melaleuca (teatree), wintergreen (such as gaultheria procumbens leaf) and charcoal. Ascan be appreciated, shampoo compositions can also include combinationsof anti-microbial actives. Suitable combinations can include octopiroxand zinc pyrithione combinations, pine tar and sulfur combinations,salicylic acid and zinc pyrithione combinations, octopirox andclimbasole combinations, and salicylic acid and octopirox combinations,and mixtures thereof.

Humectant

A shampoo composition can also include a humectant to lower the rate ofwater evaporation. Suitable humectants can include polyhydric alcohols,water soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers, and mixtures thereof. Thehumectants, when included, can be used at levels by weight of thecomposition of 0.1% to 20%, and 0.5% to 5%.

Suitable polyhydric alcohols can include glycerin, sorbitol, propyleneglycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethoxylated glucose, 1,2-hexane diol, hexanetriol, dipropylene glycol, erythritol, trehalose,diglycerin, xylitol, maltitol, maltose, glucose, fructose, sodiumchondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate, sodium adenosine phosphate,sodium lactate, pyrrolidone carbonate, glucosamine, cyclodextrin, andmixtures thereof.

Suitable water soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers can includepolyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a molecular weightof up to 1000 such as those with CTFA names PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600,PEG-1000, and mixtures thereof.

Other Optional Components

As can be appreciated, a shampoo composition can include still furtheroptional components. For example, amino acids can be included. Suitableamino acids can include water soluble vitamins such as vitamins B1, B2,B6, B12, C, pantothenic acid, pantothenyl ethyl ether, panthenol,biotin, and their derivatives, water soluble amino acids such asasparagine, alanin, indole, glutamic acid and their salts, waterinsoluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E, and their derivatives, waterinsoluble amino acids such as tyrosine, tryptamine, and their salts.

A shampoo composition can include pigment materials such as inorganic,nitroso, monoazo, disazo, carotenoid, triphenyl methane, triarylmethane, xanthene, quinoline, oxazine, azine, anthraquinone, indigoid,thionindigoid, quinacridone, phthalocianine, botanical, natural colors,including: water soluble components such as those having C. I. Names.The compositions can also include antimicrobial agents which are usefulas cosmetic biocides and antidandruff agents including: water solublecomponents such as piroctone olamine, water insoluble components such as3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide (trichlosan), triclocarban and zincpyrithione.

One or more stabilizers and preservatives can be included. For example,one or more of trihydroxystearin, ethylene glycol distearate, citricacid, sodium citrate dihydrate, a preservative such as kathon, sodiumchloride, sodium benzoate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (“EDTA”)can be included to improve the lifespan of a shampoo composition.

Chelants can also be included to scavenge metal and reduce hair damagecaused by exposure to UV radiation. Examples of suitable chelants caninclude histidine and N,N′ ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (“EDDS”).

Method of Use

The shampoo compositions described herein can be used in a conventionalmanner for cleansing and conditioning of hair or skin. Generally, amethod of treating hair or skin can include applying the shampoocomposition to the hair or skin. For example, an effective amount of theshampoo composition can be applied to the hair or skin, which has beenwetted with water, and then the composition can be rinsed off. Effectiveamounts can generally range 1 g to 50 g, and 1 g to 20 g. Application tothe hair typically includes working the composition through the hairsuch that most or all of the hair is contacted with the composition.

A method for treating the hair or skin can include the steps of: (a)wetting the hair or skin with water; (b) applying an effective amount ofthe shampoo composition to the hair or skin, and (c) rinsing the appliedareas of skin or hair with water. These steps can be repeated as manytimes as desired to achieve the desired cleansing and conditioningbenefit.

A shampoo composition as described herein can be used to treat damagedhair. Damaged hair can include hair permed hair, oxidatively coloredhair, and mechanically damaged hair.

The shampoo compositions can be used as liquids, solids, semi-solids,flakes, gels, in a pressurized container with a propellant added, orused in a pump spray form. The viscosity of the product may be selectedto accommodate the form desired.

TEST METHODS

A. Cone/Plate Viscosity Measurement

The viscosities of the examples are measured by a Cone/Plate Controlled.Stress Brookfield Rheometer R/S Plus, by Brookfield EngineeringLaboratories, Stoughton, Mass. The cone used (Spindle C-75-1) has adiameter of 75 mm and 1° angle. The viscosity is determined using asteady state flow experiment at constant shear rate of 2 and attemperature of 26.5° C. The sample size is 2.5 nil and the totalmeasurement reading time is 3 minutes.

B. pH Method

First, calibrate the Mettler Toledo Seven Compact pH meter. Do this byturning on the pH meter and waiting for 30 seconds. Then take theelectrode out of the storage solution, rinse the electrode withdistilled water, and carefully wipe the electrode with a scientificcleaning wipe, such as a Kimwipe®. Submerse the electrode in the pH 4buffer and press the calibrate button. Wait until the icon stopsflashing and press the calibrate button a second time. Rinse theelectrode with distilled water and carefully wipe the electrode with ascientific cleaning wipe. Then submerse the electrode into the pH 7buffer and press the calibrate button a second time. Wait until the pHicon stops flashing and press the calibrate button a third time. Rinsethe electrode with distilled water and carefully wipe the electrode witha scientific cleaning wipe. Then submerse the electrode into the pH 10buffer and press the calibrate button a third time. Wait until the pHicon stops flashing and press the measure button. Rinse the electrodewith distilled water and carefully wipe with a scientific cleaning wipe.

Submerse the electrode into the testing sample and press the readbutton. Wait until the pH icon stops flashing and record the value.

C. Appearance Method

Following batch completion, first transfer batch to storage container.Second, sample batch in a glass vial. Third, visually inspect thesample. If the background can be seen distinctly record the appearanceas transparent. If the background can be seen but distorted or hazy,record as semi-transparent. If the background cannot be seen record asopaque.

D. Phase Stability Method

Following batch completion, first transfer batch to storage container.Second, sample batch in a glass vial. Third, visually inspect thesample. If sample is homogeneous record as one phase. If sample has twoor more distinct phases record as phase separated including number ofphases present. Distinct phases are visually different (changes in hazy,color, texture). These distinct phases either settle to the bottom, ontop or are suspended.

E. Hair Switch Evaluation

This method describes how to evaluate finished product on hair switches.First, wet hair for 15 seconds. Second, apply shampoo to hair switch;0.1 g of shampoo per gram of hair. Then assess different attributes ofshampoo performance on the hair throughout wash. Move hands up and downhair switch for 30 seconds. During these 30 seconds the following areassessed.

-   -   1.) Speed to Lather—Assessment of how quickly lather is        generated (Scale: 0=Slow to 10=Fast)    -   2.) Lather Amount—Visual assessment of how much lather is        generated (Scale: 0=Low to 10=High)

Next, run water over switch to begin rinsing. Rinse for 30 seconds.During the rinse assess the Rinse Feel/Rinse Count Drag. As soon aswetting begins, stroke the hair from top to bottom with non-dominanthand between the thumb and two fingers with medium pressure. Count thenumber of strokes until drag/skip is felt in the middle portion of thehair switch consistently for 2 consecutive strokes. This number ofstrokes is recorded as the Rinse Count Drag. The strokes should be at arate of 1 stroke per second to a total of 20 strokes (Scale: 1=quickrinse/clean feel to 20=slow rinse/dirty feel).

After the 30 second rinse stroke the hair from top to bottom withnon-dominant hand between the thumb and two fingers with medium pressureto remove access water. Repeat stroke of hair switch and assess theclean feel of the hair. This is recorded as the Post Rinse—Clean Feel(Scale: 0=Low/Dirty to 10=High/Clean).

F. Puff Lather Method

First, start water to allow it to reach desired temperature 37.5-38 C.Next, fluff the puff and wet it under the water. Apply the shampoo in acircular motion over top of the puff. Then move puff with latheredproduct overtop of a beaker. Next squeeze puff in a half turn forwarddirection 10 times. Repeat with squeeze and half turn in a backwarddirection 10 times. Lastly, squeeze puff to get all remaining latherout. Measure the amount of lather generated in the beaker.

G. Cylinder Lather Method—Lather Volume

Obtain 100 ml of Water in a 1,000 ml graduated cylinder. Then add 0.5 gof shampoo. The graduated cylinder is on a rotating apparatus. Rotatethe cylinder for 25 complete revolutions at a rate of 10 revolutions per18 seconds to create a lather and stop in a level, vertical position. Atimer is set to allow 15 seconds for drainage. After 15 seconds, thelather volume is measured by recording the lather height to the nearest10 ml mark (including any water that has drained to the bottom on top ofwhich the lather is floating).

H. Kruss Lather Method

KRUSS Dynamic Foam Analyzer is used to evaluate lather. Add shampoo andwater into device 1(shampoo):9 (water) dilution. Air going through thechamber generates lather. The speed to lather, lather volume, and bubblesize are recorded.

EXAMPLES

The shampoo compositions illustrated in the following Examplesillustrate specific embodiments of the shampoo compositions describedherein, but are not intended to be limiting thereof. Other modificationscan be undertaken by the skilled artisan without departing from thespirit and scope of this invention. These exemplified embodiments of theshampoo composition provide consumer desired mildness, moisture, slipfeel, cleaning and viscosity.

The shampoo compositions illustrated in the following Examples areprepared by conventional formulation and mixing methods, an example ofwhich is set forth below. All exemplified amounts are listed as weightpercent's and exclude minor materials such as diluents, preservatives,color solutions, imagery ingredients, botanicals, and so forth, unlessotherwise specified. All percentages are based on weight unlessotherwise specified.

TABLE 1 Examples of Shampoo Compositions Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 one one one one one one one one Phase Stability phasephase phase phase phase phase phase phase Viscosity (Pa-s) 6.137 5.9703.826 2.533 4.405 8.683 5.823 6.394 Decyl Glucoside ¹ 12 12 12 12 12 1212 12 Guar (Excel) ² 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0.2 0.2 0.4 Sclerotium Gum ³ 0.80.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 1 Sclerotium Gum ⁴ 0.8 0.6 Sodium Benzoate 0.6 0.6 0.60.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Citric Acid 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Water Q.S. Q. S. Q. S. Q. S. Q. S. Q. S. Q. S. Q. S.

TABLE 2 Comparative Examples of Shampoo Compositions C3 C4 C5 C6 C1 C2Multiple Multiple One One Phase Stability Multiple phases Multiplephases phases phases phase phase Viscosity (Pa-s) n/a n/a n/a n/a 21.1150.541 Decyl Glucoside ¹ 12 12 12 12 12 12 Guar (Excel) ² 0.95 0.95 0.250.95 1.1 0.1 Sodium Benzoate 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Citric Acid 0.4 0.40.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Sclerotium Gum ³ 1.1 0.1 Xanthan Gum 0.6 Konjac Gum ⁵0.6 Caesalpina Spinosa 1.0 Gum ⁶ Guar Gum ⁷ 1.0 Water Q. S. Q. S. Q. S.Q. S. Q. S. Q. S.1. PLANTAREN 2000 from BASF2. JAGUAR EXCEL from Solvay3. AMIGUM ER from Alban Muller4. ACTIGUM CS 11 QD from Cargill5. NUTRICOL XP3464 from FMC6. SOLAGUM TARA from Seppic7. SUPERCOL U2 from Ashland

As can be seen in the data for the Examples and Comparative Examples,the Comparative Examples C1-C4 contain gums in combination with cationicguar that are not phase stable. Comparative Example C5 is phase stablehowever it is too viscous. It is consumer desired that a Shampoo is lessthan 20 Pa-s for ease of spreading in hand. Comparative Example C6 isphase stable however low viscosity. It is consumer desired that aShampoo is greater than 0.6 Pa-s to avoid running off the hands duringuse.

It will be appreciated that other modifications of the presentdisclosure are within the skill of those in the hair care formulationart can be undertaken without departing from the spirit and scope ofthis invention. All parts, percentages, and ratios herein are by weightunless otherwise specified. Some components may come from suppliers asdilute solutions. The levels given reflect the weight percent of theactive material, unless otherwise specified. A level of perfume and/orpreservatives may also be included in the following examples.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“40 mm.”

Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or relatedpatent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation ofany document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect toany invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in anycombination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests,or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaningor definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning ordefinition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, themeaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shallgovern.

What is claimed is:
 1. A shampoo composition comprising: a) about 5 wt %to about 35 wt % of alkyl polyglucoside; b) about 0.15 wt % to about1.05 wt % sclerotium gum; c) about 0.15 wt % to about 1.05 wt % ofcationic polymer; and d) less than 1% ionic surfactant, wherein theshampoo composition has a viscosity of about 0.6 Pa-s to about 20 Pa-s.2. The shampoo composition of claim 1, comprising about 0.15 wt % toabout 1.05 wt % cationic guar.
 3. The shampoo composition of claim 2,comprising about 0.2 wt % to about 1.0 wt % cationic guar.
 4. Theshampoo composition of claim 1, wherein the alkyl polyglucoside isselected from decyl glucoside, caprylyl glucoside, caprylyl/caprylglucoside, undecyl glucoside, octyl glucoside and combinations thereof.5. The shampoo composition of claim 4, wherein the alkyl polyglucosidecomprises decyl glucoside.
 6. The shampoo composition of claim 4,comprising about 5 wt % to about 25 wt % of the decyl glucoside.
 7. Theshampoo composition of claim 4, comprising about 7 wt % to about 20 wt %of the decyl glucoside.
 8. The shampoo composition of claim 1, whereinthe composition is substantially free of a surfactant selected fromsodium alkyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroylsarcosinate, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium lauroamphoacetate,cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, behenyltrimethylammonium chloride andmixtures thereof.
 9. The shampoo composition of claim 1, wherein thenon-ionic surfactant is a decyl glucoside having the structure:

in which R is an alkyl or alkenyl group having about 10 carbons, and mis
 1. 10. The shampoo composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity isabout 1.0 Pa-s to about 18 Pa-s.
 11. The shampoo composition of claim 1,wherein the viscosity is about 2 Pa-s to about 15 Pa-s.
 12. The shampoocomposition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises amaterial selected from tea extracts, grape seed extracts, safflower oil,jojoba oil, argon oil, and combinations thereof.
 13. The shampoocomposition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises ananti-microbial agent selected from azoles, climbazole, ketoconazole,itraconazole, econazole, elubiol, hydroxy pyridones, piroctone olamine,ciclopirox, rilopirox, MEA-hydroxyoctyloxypyridinon, kerolytic agents,salicylic acid, hydroxy acids, strobilurins, azoxystrobin, metalchelators, 1,10-phenanthroline, and combinations thereof.